conduct an article review of this chapter, using the format below: o :E>vYs~;+&`]J(g(Ql)u Y!+wZ41Y@5 V5Q Z J&j8jkuJ?uFbccuc(d01 Ey?G78%@E^5p;MlCjRM1 a#j@#(#$5|IW:;&,-~P0m. Spanish-America War; fully independent in 1946, Annexed following Spanish-America War; currently a This box map, from the inside cover of the 1910 edition of Allen C. Thomas's textbook, An Elementary History of the United States (first published 1900), shows the Philippines, Alaska, Hawai'i, Guam, Wake Island, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico. 25 And the pattern continued: as older territories became states, new annexations brought new territories into the polity. Sectionalism map of the united states; To this day, the drawer in the mahogany table used by the Republican leadership to address the House has a jagged hole in it. United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States positions (with date of acquiunion) 1047 Spheres of Influence ",#(7),01444'9=82. United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904. On March 1, 1784, just 47 days after the Treaty of Paris granting the United States independence was ratified, Virginia ceded its claims over the area north of the Ohio River to the federal government. Empire, Militarization, and Suburbanization and the Marshall Islands, 19441986 (Ph.D. They had even more people in the past. Can we say the same about the overseas territories? Yet annexation did take place. Its not only the Philippines. Who was Gregorio Cortez and what happened to him. In World War I, inspired by Wilsonian rhetoric of self-determination, Albizu served as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army. 29,670. A map of the territory acquired from Mexico including the annexation of Texas in 1845, California, Utah Territory, and New Mexico Territory in 1848, and the Gadsden Purchase in 1853.. <> 16. Under whatever name, the conception of a Greater United States had largely vanished by the U.S. entry into the First World War. Geographical crumbs is what Neil Smith called them in his book American Empire . 1; and Rebecca Tinio McKennas study of a colonial hill station in American Imperial Pastoral: The Architecture of U.S. Colonialism in the Philippines (Chicago, IL, forthcoming). Help With Assignments 1 Bicknell, E. (1904) The territorial acquisitions of the United States, -1904, an historical review. Kate Zernike, A Palin Joined Alaskan Third Party, Just Not Sarah Palin, New York Times , September 3, 2008. We levelled entire cities with our bombs and shell fire, explained the Philippine High Commissioner. Discussion Board 5 12 and Germany, Leased from Panama Following are the historical territorial acquisitions of the United States : For information on internal territorial acquisitions, see List of U.S.-Native American treaties . Daniel Immerwahr, The Greater United States: Territory and Empire in U.S. History , Diplomatic History, Volume 40, Issue 3, June 2016, Pages 373391, https://doi.org/10.1093/dh/dhw009, March 1954 is a month diplomatic historians know well. That list includes some of the most written-about figures in U.S. history: John Pershing, George C. Marshall, Douglas MacArthur, and Dwight Eisenhower. It has proved to be such an enduring category of analysis because of its capaciousness. 23 In the past decade, Diplomatic History has dramatically increased its publishing on the Philippines, with an article every two or three years. Adding Texas and Vermont to the pool yields an average time-to-statehood of 42 years. Donald M. Seekins, Historical Setting, in Ronald E. Dolan, Philippines: A Country Study (Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1991), 41. See, for example, James C. Fernald, The Imperial Republic (New York, 1899); Alpheus H. Snow, The Administration of Dependencies: A Study of the Evolution of the Federal Empire, with Special Reference to American Colonial Problems (New York, 1902); and Willis Fletcher Johnson, A Century of Expansion (New York, 1903). 45 But what we are learning is how important those small specks nevertheless are, as they act as staging grounds for precisely the kind of economic, military, and cultural interventions that the Wisconsin School emphasized. At upper left margin: No. But even that familiar story, when viewed through the lens of territoriality, can seem new. Fish and Wildlife Service, Purchased from Spain for $20 millon following Alaska 1867 secretary of state William Seward buys this from Russia for 7.2 billion in gold-- called Sewards Folley Hawaii 1898 important coaling station and source of sugar, the McKinley tariff states that we have to pay tariff for sugar, so we overthrow the queen. 34. 1856; under the jurisdiction of the U.S. The maps came in two kinds: box maps, which showed the North American landmass plus the colonies arranged in boxes (as Alaska and Hawaii are usually displayed today), and world maps, with all U.S. territory highlighted in color, in the manner of British imperial maps. One might rightly ask whether, in accepting the category of the Greater United States, historians would be implicitly endorsing or naturalizing the United States empire. United states acquisitions and annexations 1857-1904; Was the united states on the axis powers or allied powers? The reason has not just to do with our conception of empire. Like United Kingdom, it applies merely to the central and dominating body, the seat of empire; and Greater America comprises almost as wide a range of governments as Greater Britain itself. 17. But to think of the United States as having an informal empire only would be to miss something important. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, rev. % But those familiar borders only held for four years. <> The premier biography of Albizu is Marisa Rosado, Pedro Albizu Campos: Las Llamas de la Aurora , 2nd ed. Fish and Wildlife Service, Purchased from Russia for $7.2 million; Statehood Histories of the United States are, by and large, histories of the logo map. assumed claims, Purchased from Spain for $5 million in assumed claims CLASS Discussion Board 5: The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez To the story of the United States attempt to encompass Indians within its territorial framework should be added the story of the United States grappling with self-constituted Indian polities, on which see Brian DeLay, Indian Polities, Empire, and the History of American Foreign Relations, Diplomatic History 39, no. 5 (2015): 927-42, and the more familiar story of Indian reservations. ), 32 Sherman's march to the sea LC Civil War maps (2nd R. O. Evans and Company - Robertson, H. C. National expansion under the Constitution; or, Despotic power versus delegated authority. 161. The books in this collection are in the public domain and are free to use and reuse. of 1783 following military victory, Purchased from France Reasoning with a racist logicthe initial cases were decided by the same court that decided Plessy v. Ferguson it concluded that the bulk of the territories were unincorporated into the political body of the United States. Get Your Custom Essay on, United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States positions (with date of acquiunion) 1047 Spheres of Influence In that sense, the overseas colonies are the key to the Greater United States. An acquisition occurs when a buying company . It also shows the Philippines, Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Wake Island, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal Zone in boxes. (Santo Domingo, 1998). Imperialism in Puerto Rico (Berkeley, CA, 2002); Katherine T. McCaffrey, Military Power and Popular Protest: The U.S. Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico (New Brunswick, NJ, 2002); Noenoe K. Silva, Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism (Durham, NC, 2004); Warwick Anderson, Colonial Pathologies: American Tropical Medicine, Race, and Hygiene in the Philippines (Durham, NC, 2006); Paul A. Kramer, The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, and the Philippines (Chapel Hill, NC, 2006); Julian Go, American Empire and the Politics of Meaning Elite Political Cultures and the Philippines and Puerto Rico during U.S. Colonialism (Durham, NC, 2008); Julie Greene, The Canal Builders: Making Americas Empire at the Panama Canal (New York, 2009); Jana K. Lipman, Guantnamo: A Working-Class History between Empire and Revolution (Berkeley, CA, 2009); Alfred W. McCoy, Policing Americas Empire: The United States, the Philippines and the Rise of the Surveillance State (Madison, WI, 2009); Anne L. Foster, Projections of Power: The United States and Europe in Colonial Southeast Asia (Durham, NC, 2010); Lanny Thompson, Imperial Archipelago: Representation and Rule in the Insular Territories under U.S. Dominion after 1898 (Honolulu, HI, 2010); and Julian Go, Patterns of Empire: The British and American Empires, 1688 to the Present (Cambridge, 2011). Benedict Anderson called it the logo map. 13. The Senate approved the treaty of purchase on April 9; President Andrew Johnson signed the treaty on May 28, and Alaska was formally transferred to the United States on October 18, 1867. Six thousand American troops participated in the British occupation of Havana in 1762-3, but the island was exchanged for Florida at the peace treaty of 1763. The logo-map silhouette was completed in 1853, with the Gadsden Purchase. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> endobj Passage to statehood did come quickly in some cases, such as gold-rush California. A key enabling move made by Williams and the Wisconsin School that continued his ideas was to refuse to limit discussion of empire to a discussion of colonies. If you do factor them in, you start to notice some important features of the war, features often neglected in the telling of it. Includes notes and statistics table including population and distances. HISTORY United States: world's fourth largest country in terms of area #1: Russia #2: Canada #3: China migration: the movement of people within a country or region . 8. If you count Puerto Rico as part of the United States (more about which below), it was the largest police massacre in U.S. history. 46, The War on Terror has drawn our attention to how crucial small overseas sites can be to the projection of power. But that fact can overshadow the territorial purgatory that future states occupied for long periods. This can be most clearly seen in the realm of the law. Today, we are in a similar position. The United States continued to hold colonies after World War II, hence the Puerto Rican Uprising of 1950 and House shooting of 1954. in 1999, Purchased from Denmark 37, To that accounting should be added the overseas military bases that the United States took during the warthe third arc in the history of the Greater United States. Surely, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos died in the war. 15. The mission of the historical office is to collect, preserve, and present the history of the Office of . It is generally held to be an illegal act. Diplomatic History used to be like that. sovereign, self-governing republic, United Nations Trust Territory; in 1994 became a self-governing U.S. commomwealth, United Nations Trust Territory; 1986 became a A self-governing state cannot accept . As one of the justices summarized the logic, the Constitution was the supreme law of the land, but the territories were not part of the land. 20, The result of all thisthe erasure of the colonies from the map, the references to the Greater United States growing scarce, the Courts expulsion of the territories from the landwas the reassertion of an understanding of the United States as a nation-state. 29. See also Stacie L. Pettyjohn, U. S. Global Defense Posture, 17832001 (Santa Monica, CA, 2012). Certainly, in terms of size, current overseas holdings dont add up to muchall U.S. overseas territory today, including military bases, comprises an area smaller than Connecticut. am looking for help for this assingment witch about ProForma Statement I need to create ProFor. Counting Negroes on the mainland, American Samoa, Hawai'i, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Alaska; nonwhites in Puerto Rico; Negro and Negro-mixed in the Panama Canal Zone; and no one in the Philippines and Guam (for which racial breakdowns were not incorporated into the U.S. census) places U.S. blacks at 8.85% of the population. The turn-of-the-century literature: Gilson Willets and Margaret Hamm, Greater America: Heroes, Battles, Camps (New York, 1898); Greater America in Picture and Story: The Army, the Navy, and Our New Possessions (Chicago, IL, 1898); David Jayne Hill, Greater America (Washington, DC: 1898); Great Northern Railway Company, Greater America: A Brief Description of the New Pacific Colonies and How to Reach Them (St. Paul, MN, 1899); Charles Morris, The Greater Republic: A New History of the United States (New York, 1899); Greater America: The Latest Acquired Insular Possessions (Boston: 1900); George Campbell, The Greater United States of America, or, the United States in Destiny (Topeka, KS, 1904); Archibald Ross Colquhoun, Greater America (New York, 1904); Ralph D. Paine, The Greater America (New York, 1907). Sources and figures (in thousands): South Korea (17,917), the Philippines (18,228), and Japan (76,224): Maddison Project Database, January 2013 update, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, www/ggdc.net/maddison ; Hawaii (815), Alaska (138), Puerto Rico (2,071), and the U.S. Virgin Islands (27): Current Population Reports , Series P-25, No. <>>> Please see attached document for assignments needed. Relief shown by hachures. JFIF ` ` C Albert Bushnell Hart and Herbert E. Bolton, Hart-Bolton History Maps (Chicago, IL, 1917), map A24. Perpetual Foreigners: Chinese Americans and the U.S. 41. 33, Furthermore, the Japanese-occupied parts of the United States became a Pacific bloodlands. United States--Foreign relations, - Arguments for U.S. National Wildlife Refuge, Joint occupation with Britain; Includes Sandwich Islands inset, world map inset, statistical tables, notes, and ill. Though the overseas basing system shrank considerably in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the United States held onto hundreds of bases. I have an assignment, and please dont copy any words and no plagiarism please. 21. 44, The United States has shifted away from the large land annexations of the nineteenth century to an empire consisting largely of islands and overseas bases: a pointillist empire. The Greater United States is not my term. Each franchise was licensed to operate within a . The present historiographical preoccupation with U.S. empire is usually dated to 1959, the year that William Appleman Williamss The Tragedy of American Diplomacy was published. James R. Blaker, United States Overseas Basing: An Anatomy of the Dilemma (New York, 1990), 33. U.S. overseas territories listed by the 1940 census. William Appleman Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (Cleveland, OH, 1959). It is somewhat absurd to compare that figure to the actual number of black people, given the arbitrary and variable nature of race as a social construction (particularly so within the empire). Available also Peabody, M. M. (Moody Morse) - Peabody, M. M. Wall map. The map shows the thirteen original states and the territories acquired in 1783, the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803, Florida purchased from Spain in 1819, the Texas annexation in 1845, the Oregon Country acquired by the treaty with Great Britain in 1846, the Mexican cession of western territories in . But it is still a significant figure. 39. Its not hard to see why book jacket designers are so fond of that trope, as it actually captures a great deal of the argument. The history of American expansion and the story of our new possessions. Nationalism waxed, imperialism waned. Once again, the Greater United States is coming into view. 1. I prefer the term Greater United States, just so as to avoid confusion with Herbert E. Boltons influential notion of the Greater America, intended to encompass all of the Americas within a single analytical frame. Baker Island Howland Island . $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims, Unincorporated territory claimed under Guano Act of 18 Its worth noting, though, that Bolton himself was shaped by the 1898 moment. See also Christina Duffy Burnett, The Edges of Empire and the Limits of Sovereignty: American Guano Islands, American Quarterly 57 (2005): 779803 and Gregory T. Cushman, Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World: A Global Ecological History (Cambridge, 2013). DOCUMENT 3 "Article I: The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any . Research at least 6 tools in each category and, Please Follow All The Requirements Carefully And Upload On Time 4 15. Municipal annexation is a process by which a municipality expands its boundaries into nearby, usually adjacent, unincorporated areas. 29 Its remarkable, in fact, how many key figures in U.S. history sojourned in the overseas territories. 40. Purchase from Mexico following American-Mexican War; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims. Most U.S. historians, especially when working on the zoomed-out, textbook level, implicitly take as their unit of analysis only a part of the United States, the contiguous part. diss., University of Michigan, 2011); Peter Bacon Hales on atomic testing on the Bikini atoll in Outside the Gates of Eden: The Dream of America from Hiroshima to Now (Chicago, IL, 2014), ch. Pdf. Prime meridians: Washington, D.C. and London. 47. It featured a clean division between home front and battlefield and left the United States largely unscathed, with the sole and notable exception of the attack on Hawaii at Pearl Harbor. Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1904. This is a United States territorial acquisitions and conquests list, . They shot five Congressmen, nearly killing one. Acquisition: An acquisition is a corporate action in which a company buys most, if not all, of another firm's ownership stakes to assume control of it. In the past fifty years, the Journal of American History has published one non-review article about the Philippines. : The Evolution of Territoriality in American Law (Oxford, 2009); and Gerald L. Neuman and Tomiko Brown-Nagin, eds., Reconsidering the Insular Cases: The Past and Future of American Empire (Cambridge, MA, 2015). 10. If that is anywhere close to correct, that makes World War II in the Philippines the most violent event ever to take place on U.S. soil, bloodier by far than the Civil War. can i please get some help with this :) Between 1857 and 1903, the United States acquired many new territorial possessions around the globe. Summary, Has The Organization Managements Played Part In Increase In Information Risk In The Modern World 1 That figure excludes secret bases and some bases smaller than ten acres. If this comes as news to you, youre in good company. Now lets look at Entrepreneurial Leadership All instructions are in the template file. Surely its meaningful that the present editors of this journal, Nick Cullather and Anne Foster, are both historians of the Philippines. In 1857, the United States began annexing guano islandsuninhabited islands possessing valuable fertilizer. It was when the Viet Minh attacked the French air base at Dien Bien Phu, which ultimately pulled the United States into the Vietnam War. But, overall, the overseas territories today contain over four million people. We can see, better than we could before, how the territorial extensions of the United States matter today, and how they have mattered in the past. Has the organization manage. of the Interior, Annexed 1922; later airline refueling; currently uninhabited; But I do not think that is reason for U.S. historians to exclude the territories from their analyses and stick to the mainland. Territories with no indigenous populations, such as Wake Island, are listed as unpopulated, although the United States often stationed military outposts on them. Despite his extraordinary career, Albizu doesnt have much of a place in U.S. historiography. of the United States, Geography 20 28 And the annexations continued: Alaska (1867), the 189899 acquisitions (Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, American Samoa), the Panama Canal Zone (1903), the Virgin Islands (1917), and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1947). All rights reserved. 11 and 29; and William E. Unrau, The Rise and Fall of Indian Country, 18251855 (Lawrence, KS, 2007). The Greater United States (1904), . That is, for perspective, substantially longer than the French possessed Indochina or than King Leopold and Belgium held the Congo. If California was one end of the spectrum, Oklahoma was the other. After Albizu went to prison, his supporters held a march in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and were gunned down by the police. This was not a freak event. Speech of Hon. Williams and the many historians working in his long shadow have always happily acknowledged the colonies that the United States took. Don't use plagiarized sources. Despite the obvious relevance of territorial issues to the most important events of the nineteenth centuryit was the question of slavery in the territories that sparked the Civil Warwe nevertheless find it easy to conceive of territories as embryonic states, and thus to touch only lightly on their subjugated status. Albizu presents something of a puzzle. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Fish and Wildlife Service, Unincorporated territory annexed under Guano Act of Annexation, in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. Gadsden Purchase. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. Calculated from figures in Franklin K. Van Zandt, Boundaries of the United States and the Several States (Washington, DC, 1966), 26264 and Thomas Donaldson, The Public Domain: Its History, with Statistics (Washington, DC, 1884), 8788. In 1898, the rush of imperial expansion encouraged a new understanding of the United States as the Greater United States. 286,541. J. Edgar Hoover to Harry Hopkins, July 17, 1943, FBIPR Files, Pedro Albizu Campos, FBI File No. Why were so many new possessions located in the Pacific Ocean? In its first twenty-five years it published only a single article on the Philippines, during which time it published three on Guatemala (one-eighth the size) and seven on France. The territorial acquisitions of the United States, -1904, an historical review. As a result of the United States' multiple acquisitionsincluding Hawaii and the Philippinesduring the late 1800s, the period is referred to by some as the nation's age of U.S. _____. endobj It set the Philippines free. Title from title sheet. Following the United States' annexation of the Philippines, _____ led a revolt against the U.S. that resulted in more U.S. casualties than the number who . Dorr v. United States , 195 U.S. 138, 155 (1904) (Harlan, J. M., dissenting). Fone Later L AUSTRALIA PACIFIC OCEAN IN 14 W 10 W IN W analyze this Document (notes), Home About Services Privacy Reviews Login, Copyright 2023 Academic Cave | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme, Click one of our contacts below to chat on WhatsApp. Nevertheless, it is worth pointing out that a full census of all the people who lived under U.S. jurisdiction at the wars endresidents of the states, colonies, and occupied zonesreveals the astonishing fact that the majority (51%) lived outside of the continental United States. Its common in our field to emphasize the year 1898 and the war with Spain. U.S. historians have displayed a tremendous interest in the subject of empire for a long time. 24 Today, we can add another major form of territorial extension to the story: overseas military bases. Treaty of Paris of 1783 following American Books appeared with intriguing titles: The Greater Republic (1899), The Greater United States (1904), and seven books whose titles contained the phrase Greater America published in the decade following the 1898 war. Two weeks before Dien Bien Phu, four nationalists entered the House of Representatives in Washington, D.C., made their way to the upstairs Ladies Gallery, unfurled a Puerto Rican flag, pulled out pistols, and fired 29 rounds into the body politic below them. We are seeing within the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR) a surge of interest in the many spaces that the United States has controlled outside of its mainland. Paul Kramer, in his portrait of the United States as a nation-based empire, presents a significantly modified version of the Williams thesis that is skeptical of the clean formal/informal distinction: Power and Connection: Imperial Histories of the United States in the World, American Historical Review 116, no. 16 The term United States of America has ceased to be an accurate description of the countries over which the Stars and Stripes float, the author of one argued. 13. 5 (2011): 134891. But we speak less of another anticolonial revolt that broke out in another part of the world. Stephen Hunter and John Bainbridge, Jr., American Gunfight: The Plot to Kill Harry Trumanand the Shoot-Out That Stopped It (New York, 2005), 266. The territorial governor of Alaska, Ernest Gruening, saw it that way, and drafted a book in 1954 entitled Alaska is a Colony (never published, but held in the Ernest Gruening Papers, box 754, folder 316, Alaska and Polar Regions Department, Archives and Manuscripts, University of AlaskaFairbanks). In 1950, Albizu orchestrated a coordinated uprising throughout Puerto Rico, a rebellion so serious that the Puerto Rican National Guard used planes to suppress it, strafing the towns of Jajuya and Utuado from the sky. 11. annually; ceded to Panama in 1999, Purchased from Denmark for $25 million; currently an One might think its because U.S. historians are exceptionalists and dont pay attention to empire. Indeed, a remarkable feature of the intellectual moment of 1898 was its revision of the history of continental expansion, by which western territories came to be seen as quasi-colonies. 2007-228. Vendor: Bernard J. Shapero Books (London) Acquisitions control no. 31 Over the course of the war, Japan attacked every inhabited Pacific colony that the United States held, and it occupied the Philippines, Guam, Wake, and part of Alaska. U.S. It is one of the longest serving continuously operating offices in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and has been recognized for the excellence of its publications and programs for over a half century. 6. * I am grateful to Alvita Akiboh, Michael Allen, Daniel Bessner, Brooke Blower, Michael Falcone, John Immerwahr, Julia Irwin, Aaron OConnell, Andrew Preston, Daniel Sargent, and the Huntington Library Long-Term Fellows Working Group for their thoughts on this essay and to Christopher Capozzola for introducing me to the term Greater United States.. Please read and follow the lab r, Internet Research Of 6 Ids And 6 Vulnerability Management And Assessment Tools 1 At the same time, the Greater United States expanded through occupationsthe Japanese, South Korean, German, and Austrian occupations all extended into the postwar period. 38, Yet from its territorial apex, the United States did something unprecedented. [from old catalog] Created / Published Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1904. stream W.B. First attempt to open the Mississippi LC Civil War maps (2nd ed. It languished as a territory for 104 years between annexation and statehood. It is tempting to think that the overseas territories can be safely dismissed in this way because they were small and remote. In 2000, the Puerto Rican Day Parade in New York was dedicated to Albizu (and to the struggle of Vieques against the U.S. Navy). For a widely read recent articulation of the Williams thesis that the United States has pursued imperialism by other means, see Richard H. Immerman, Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz (Princeton, NJ, 2010). 529,189. Treaty of Paris 5 In my home city of Chicago, there is a public high school named after him (with an adjoining family learning center for teen parents named after Lolita Lebrn, the chief shooter in the 1954 House shootings). 9. Andrene Everson (New York, 2007), 131. Also available in digital form. uninhabited; National Wildlife Refuge, United Nations Trust Territory; in 1986 became a In the span of only a few years, the United States had increased its size exponentially with the contentious annexation of Texas in 1845, the 1846 Oregon Treaty with Great Britain for half of the Oregon Country; and acquired California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming as a result of the Mexican-American War We typically say that the end of the war left the United States in a global position of economic and political supremacy. Even as presidents disavowed territorial conquest, they dropped bombs, seized markets, meddled in foreign politics, and Coca-colonized the world. Nevertheless, 8.85% is probably slightly high because, although it does not count black Filipinos and Guamanians (presumably very low numbers in 1940), it classes all non-white Puerto Ricans as black, whereas many were non-black. Not only was the occupation itself onerous, but the reconquest of those colonies by the United States was extraordinarily violent. The historical literature on bases is growing quickly, with an especially tight focus on the tense relationships between bases and their surrounding areas. August R. Ohmans 1904 pocket map, highlighting the expansion of the United States, feautures a world map, top inset. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as Oregon Territory. Major accounts include Federico Ribes Tovar, Albizu Campos: Puerto Rican Revolutionary , trans. Purchase from Mexico following military victory; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims.