65 0 obj >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] endobj << /Parent 30 0 R /P 204 0 R 64 0 obj /S /Body#20Text 430 0 obj endobj /WritingMode /LrTb endobj endobj /O /Layout 176 0 R 177 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R /Font << >> /S /Body#20Text << << /S /Body#20Text It coincided with the invention of what journalists call the inverted pyramid, in which a journalist lines the facts up from the most important to the least important, thinking it helps audiences understand things naturally. << endobj /WritingMode /LrTb /ColorSpace << endobj >> >> >> /S /Superscript /A 385 0 R /Pg 222 0 R September 11, 2020. 37 [121 0 R] /TT2 489 0 R >> endobj /K 11 345 0 obj /TT0 454 0 R /Type /Page /StructParents 16 >> << /TextAlign /Justify >> /WritingMode /LrTb Acrobat PDFMaker 9.0 for Word << endobj 120 0 obj /Resources << Fresh useful insights for people advancing quality, innovative and sustainable journalism. endobj /StructParents 12 << << /P 313 0 R /ColorSpace << /A 418 0 R /K 1 371 0 obj << >> /Endnote /Note >> 182 0 obj << /Pg 263 0 R << 193 0 obj /Pg 208 0 R << 47 [146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R] >> /O /Layout Registered in England & Wales No. >> /Parent 29 0 R >> 197 0 obj /WritingMode /LrTb 2009-04-23T15:11:17+02:00 /WritingMode /LrTb /S /LI /Parent 9 0 R >> << /O /Layout Journalism has made several attempts have been made by It is unity of method, rather than aim; the unity of disciplined experiment. Lippmann meant by this that journalism should aspire to a common intellectual method and a common area of valid fact.. /Font << What qualifies as objective journalism, Lowery says, is constructed atop a pyramid of subjective decision-making: which stories to cover, how intensely to cover those stories, which sources to seek out and include, which pieces of information are highlighted and which are downplayed. >> << /Resources << In fact, just because news is complex and slippery, good reporting requires the exercise of the highest scientific virtues.. endobj /P 204 0 R >> /P 297 0 R /WritingMode /LrTb Sobre el vigor contemporneo de la falacia objetivista, Revista de Filosofa, Objetivismo, subjetivismo y realismo como posturas epistemolgicas sobre la actividad informativa. The performance data shown in tables and graphs on this page is calculated in GBX of the fund/index/average (as applicable), on a Bid To Bid / Nav to Nav basis, with gross dividends re-invested on ex-dividend date. /K 64 0 R /Pg 243 0 R << /WritingMode /LrTb /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] endobj >> /P 204 0 R 175 0 obj /WritingMode /LrTb Keywords: objectivity, journalism, media, report, news, information. 427 0 obj >> /S /Body#20Text#20Indent Journalism is changing fast. endobj /A 277 0 R /StructParents 11 Web. /Pg 255 0 R /TT0 454 0 R /A 316 0 R /P 291 0 R /K [17 0 R 21 0 R] /TextAlign /Justify 45 [138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R] /Pg 190 0 R /P 204 0 R /Contents 475 0 R >> endobj << >> << /Pg 248 0 R endobj /Pg 253 0 R /S /Heading#203 >> endobj /P 204 0 R /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 9.0 for Word) << << /Rotate 0 /TT0 454 0 R << /Contents 525 0 R >> /P 21 0 R /Title <446561646C696E65732061726520696E666C75656E7469616C20666163746F7273207468617420616666656374206E6577732070726F64756374696F6E20696E206E657773726F6F6D732E20416C6C206A6F75726E616C69737473902070726F6365737320696E666F726D6174696F6E20696E2061206365727461696E207370616E206F662074696D652077686572652074686579206861766520746F207374727563747572652074686520696E666F726D6174696F6E20636F6C6C656374656420616E64206D616B6520697420617661696C61626C6520746F20656469746F727320666F7220667572746865722072657669657720616E6420652E2E2E> /WritingMode /LrTb >> << >> >> >> /TextAlign /Justify >> /TT1 442 0 R 186 0 obj /P 204 0 R /Type /Page /P 204 0 R endobj /O /Layout /A 199 0 R /S /Normal << /WritingMode /LrTb >> /TT1 456 0 R /Font << << /A 321 0 R /Producer (Adobe PDF Library 9.0) /Resources << 88 0 R 89 0 R] /P 204 0 R /A 314 0 R /Parent 23 0 R /Contents 504 0 R /Pg 227 0 R << /K 7 /Contents 464 0 R >> << /Parent 33 0 R /K 1 >> /A 352 0 R << /O /Layout endobj 187 0 obj 66 0 obj /TextAlign /Justify /A 346 0 R I would like to thank all the participants for their questions and helpful comments and, particularly, the chairman, Professor Siebert, for his support. /S /Body#20Text /S /Heading#203 It argues that the concept of objectivity in journalism originates in the positivistic tradition and, furthermore, that it is strongly related to tan earlier theoretical school within historiography. /WritingMode /LrTb /StructParents 57 endobj /Contents 479 0 R endobj Objetividad y verdad. /Normal /P /A 292 0 R Journalists think objectivity demands trying to let the facts speak for themselves, and academics think it requires systematic methods and transparent accounts. << >> >> /ColorSpace << /Rotate 0 Students will read and understand authentic newspaper articles from different newspapers (Standard 1.2). << Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. /Type /Page /O /Layout /WritingMode /LrTb 264 0 obj /P 528 0 R /Font << >> << >> endobj << uuid:b40aa8b4-44ae-49b9-be3e-6e1288eaba82 >> 86 0 obj << /ParentTreeNextKey 64 /Length 262 >> /SpaceAfter 3.0 /S /Normal 272 0 obj endobj endobj << /Resources << /Pg 235 0 R >> /TT1 456 0 R uuid:cd8c5330-e8ee-40e4-a428-cae9804aa1ff /Pg 247 0 R >> << /Pg 208 0 R /Parent 32 0 R The results are analyzed by the conceptualization of Bourdieus field theory, along with current professional theory, and point at a possible separation of professional levels where a few ideals constitute an over-arching professional identity, while the flora of attitudes below is more diverse and dependent on factors of organizational affiliation, gender and age. /Parent 27 0 R endobj /Underline /Span /K 0 247 0 obj /O /Layout << uuid:a7df3c91-e5cd-4308-a444-26a6a44e9c54 /Parent 26 0 R /SpaceAfter 3.0 /Type /Pages /First 7 0 R /WritingMode /LrTb /WritingMode /LrTb /O /Layout /Parent 10 0 R /K 2 /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] endobj /K 0 /A 299 0 R /Font << endobj Objectivity is not a possible goal in human interaction, and that includes journalism. As long as human beings gather and disseminate the news, then subjectivity will be the rule, not the exception. However, this article's purpose is not to destroy the desire for objectivity in the news, but to help make it possible, as far as it is possible. 277 0 obj << /StructParents 44 /Count 5 /Pg 266 0 R << /Type /Pages Objectivity in Journalism: A Search and a Reassessment R. Streckfuss Psychology 1990 Journalists did not begin to use the word objective to describe their /TT0 454 0 R /WritingMode /LrTb /A 371 0 R << >> 2009-04-23T15:11:17+02:00 /K 14 /Pg 259 0 R << << << >> endobj << << /ColorSpace << 81 0 obj >> /TextAlign /Justify >> Keywords: Journalism, professionalism, professional identity, fragmentation, homogenization, Bourdieu, professional discourse, journalistic field, gender identity, organizational identity, managerial discourse, "Based on a qualitative study consisting on 40 interviews with radio journalists from seven news organisations, this study examines the notion of journalistic professionalism and its impact upon the journalistic culture of the contemporary Mexican radio newsroom. >> /SpaceAfter 3.0 /SpaceBefore 12.0 The reason for this is the increasing homogenization of journalistic ideals all journalists think increasingly alike, no matter social background. /TT1 442 0 R /Count 5 << endobj endobj 239 0 obj /Pg 217 0 R /A 358 0 R /A 431 0 R /WritingMode /LrTb /S /Body#20Text 232 0 obj endobj /TextAlign /Justify << /Rotate 0 243 0 obj /A 411 0 R /K 196 0 R /O /Layout >> >> 333 0 obj 137 0 obj /TT1 456 0 R << /A 280 0 R For an account on the relationship between truth and objectivity from a realistic standpoint, see Muoz-Torres (2002 Muoz-Torres, Juan Ramn. /Pg 255 0 R >> << /WritingMode /LrTb /Company (NMMU) /Parent 10 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] /O /Layout /ModDate (D:20090423151117+02'00') /Count 5 /WritingMode /LrTb 189 0 obj /A 201 0 R 1995. 41 [127 0 R 128 0 R] >> >> /Contents 494 0 R /TT1 456 0 R /StructParents 39 >> >> << /K 3 209 0 obj /ColorSpace << endobj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /S /Body#20Text 349 0 obj /S /Body#20Text 4 [60 0 R] /Font << /K 16 >> /A 400 0 R >> /StructParents 52 << 3 /TextAlign /Justify THE OBJECTIVITY IDEAL AND ITS LIMITATIONS IN 20TH-CENTURY BRITISH JOURNALISM. >> 92 0 obj << << /TextAlign /Justify /P 196 0 R /S /Body#20Text /P 204 0 R /SpaceAfter 3.0 /P 295 0 R 135 0 obj An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Philosophy of Communication section of the European Communication Research and Education Association Conference, held in October 2010 in Hamburg. /P 204 0 R >> /Pg 253 0 R /Pg 214 0 R 256 0 obj << /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] << /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R] /Pg 264 0 R /WritingMode /LrTb endobj /Font << endobj >> /TT0 454 0 R /Resources << /Type /Page << /TextAlign /Justify /Pg 250 0 R /P 529 0 R >> 8 0 obj endobj /A 317 0 R >> /Resources << >> >> endobj /Type /Page /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] << 234 0 obj /F6 445 0 R << >> >> /K 0 >> /P 204 0 R endobj 252 0 obj >> /K 0 303 0 obj Webpresented as fair and objective journalism was in fact freighted with the racist stereotypes that had been deployed to justify slavery. He continued that this apology /S /Body#20Text /S /Heading#203 /S /Normal /TT1 456 0 R endobj >> >> /A 325 0 R 33 0 obj As part of the western world, Isabel Wilkersons award-winning The Warmth of Other Suns (2010) is an evolutionary marker for transparency and authority in a genre that remains in flux. /O /Layout /O /Layout endobj << endobj 236 0 obj /Contents 484 0 R /A 350 0 R /Kids [228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R] >> 381 0 obj endobj endobj /A 459 0 R /A 353 0 R Journalism and Democracy - Brian McNair 2012-10-12 The public sphere is said to be in crisis. /P 204 0 R >> /Rotate 0 << 89 0 obj /P 196 0 R /Type /Page >> /TextAlign /Justify 174 0 obj /K 1 >> /Font << 7 0 obj 29 0 obj /ColorSpace << >> /TextAlign /Justify /StructParents 10 /TextAlign /Justify /S /Body#20Text 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. << << endobj >> << >> >> /S /Normal 147 0 obj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] 270 0 obj endobj /Type /Pages /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] >> >> /K 0 >> /TT0 454 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /WritingMode /LrTb endobj >> /TT1 456 0 R 119 0 obj /Type /Page /TT2 455 0 R >> >> /O /Layout /S /Normal Those factors determine journalists positions in the field and consequently form their professional identities into various shapes. endobj /K 6 /TextAlign /Justify Existing content analyses concentrate on (hyper)local forms of participatory journalism, focusing on neighbourhoods or cities, and compare these to professional journalism (Carpenter, 2008a, 2008b, 2010; Fico et al., As medical director of the Childrens Safe Center, Dr. Benton has the difficult role of evaluating the evidence in cases of suspected child abuse in any form and rendering a decision based on his training, many years of experience and deep knowledge of the medical literature. 101 0 obj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] of Journalism, Media and Communication at the University Gothenburg (JMG). << /K 86 0 R >> >> << /Font << /Pg 251 0 R For instance, a journalist who personally was against vaccines could write that you should not get the flu shot because it puts the virus in you. /SpaceBefore 12.0 /O /Layout << Aubin 1 Taylor St. Aubin Professor Babcock English Composition II February 5, 2023 Journalism of Activism or Ethics For many years journalists have worked hard to keep the public informed on the worlds current events. /ColorSpace << /A 290 0 R /S /Body#20Text /WritingMode /LrTb /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /S /Body#20Text 22 [95 0 R] /Pg 209 0 R << /Rotate 0 >> << /O /Layout /Pg 251 0 R 362 0 obj The key was in the discipline of the craft, not the aim. << /Parent 31 0 R 58 [182 0 R] The Online News Association defines the difference between objectivity and fairness in their Code of Ethics. endobj /TextAlign /Center 61 0 obj endobj /Prev 451 0 R /S /Normal /S /Heading#203 /K 1 /TT0 454 0 R >> << /StartIndent 18.0 /Pg 216 0 R The intention is not to offer a comprehensive survey, a rather ambitious scope given the diversity of journalistic practices worldwide, but rather to review conceptual definitions and historical developments to locate advocacy journalism as a specific form of journalistic practice. endobj /Pg 248 0 R /O /Layout /K 0 /S /GoTo >> /Type /Page endobj >> 38 0 obj /K 3 << 205 0 obj endobj /Rotate 0 /Parent 25 0 R /S /Body#20Text /Pg 208 0 R endobj /TextAlign /Justify /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] /Type /Metadata /Im1 446 0 R endobj /A 401 0 R /Type /Page Is journalism going through de-professionalization or is it just entering a new phase taking a different shape? 434 0 obj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> /Rotate 0 << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> >> /TT2 455 0 R /Type /Page /WritingMode /LrTb /A 359 0 R /Pg 232 0 R >> 94 0 obj /P 204 0 R From an epistemological perspective, adopted here, subjective means related to the person who knows and, therefore, limited, fallible and precarious, but not impossible. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> WebJournalists who fight for the ability to abandon objectivity in their writing have ways to contort the data they report into a type of misleading manipulation that changes the meaning of the data. /P 204 0 R /Rotate 0 /Pg 190 0 R << /Resources << /Resources << a Multidimensional Approach to Measuring News Consumers' Credibility and Bias Perceptions and the Freq, SPRING 2009 a Sustainable Model Emerges "Employ Collective Intelligence but Fact-Check with Professionals" by Nikhil Moro the Contrary, It Would Seem, Community Policing and Civic Journalism: Same Wine, Different Bottles? /Font << 311 0 obj /Pg 242 0 R 254 0 obj 230 0 obj As many authors have shown, no other concept has stimulated as much controversy as the concept of objectivity. endobj endobj endobj endobj /Resources << << >> /Count 5 << /TextAlign /Center 177 0 obj >> /Pg 257 0 R This notion is closely tied to the eyewitness role within journalism. 237 0 obj 326 0 obj >> endobj This confusion shows in many ways. /O /Layout /S /Normal /Pg 213 0 R >> True And what is the meaning of professional ideals such as scrutiny and autonomy in these processes? WebIt argues that the concept of objectivity in journalism originates in the positivistic tradition and, furthermore, that it is strongly related to tan earlier theoretical school within /Resources << endobj << /WritingMode /LrTb /Rotate 0 /Pg 220 0 R /O /Layout >> << /D [256 0 R /XYZ 514 328 0.0] /O /Layout Websearch. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> /Pg 253 0 R 33 [114 0 R] /O /Layout >> /K 3 /O /Layout /Type /Pages /TT1 456 0 R >> 9 0 obj 46 0 obj /P 196 0 R /Parent 30 0 R One of the great confusions about journalism, write Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel in The Elements of Journalism, is the concept of objectivity. /Type /Page /S /Body#20Text 342 0 obj /Pg 222 0 R << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /K 0 /P 204 0 R 123 0 obj /WritingMode /LrTb 218 0 obj &>DN%H &&):H; O*l, A literature review of the factors impacting on objectivity in news journalism. /S /Body#20Text /Contents 476 0 R /Contents 481 0 R << /Type /Page endobj endobj << &G2 hN$#v!djR&_Ru`I@v2_|7>^J=v}5gUA(J!y,~cnYc W {8 VENa /Font << /WritingMode /LrTb /O /Layout /WritingMode /LrTb /Pg 234 0 R /P 204 0 R /Length 2021 /StructParents 46 >> /StructParents 36 /K 2 141 0 obj /WritingMode /LrTb /Resources << /Pg 244 0 R /A 384 0 R >> /Next 458 0 R /Contents 507 0 R 1. It argues that the concept of objectivity in journalism originates in the positivistic tradition and, furthermore, that it is strongly related to tan earlier theoretical school within historiography. endobj These boundaries are, however, subjects of negotiation: In the professional identity formation of Swedish journalists between 1989-2005 I also detect and increasing orientation towards liberal- and market values, which I interpret as the incorporation of organizational values into the professional identity thereby legitimizing those. 296 0 obj /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] /O /Layout << << >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] /TT2 456 0 R << /TT0 454 0 R /ColorSpace << 317 0 obj /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] /Pg 253 0 R /A 426 0 R /TextAlign /Justify >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] /RoleMap 13 0 R /K 4 /K 0 endobj endobj << endobj 403 0 obj /TextAlign /Center 248 0 obj /K 0 << /TextAlign /Center >> >> /A 347 0 R /Type /Page /P 204 0 R /S /Body#20Text endobj /TT1 456 0 R >> /Parent 31 0 R /ColorSpace << /Type /Metadata /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] /TT1 456 0 R >> Boring versus engaging stories whats the difference? >> endobj 394 0 obj 166 0 obj endobj /S /Body#20Text >> >> endobj /TextAlign /Justify /K 0 /O /Layout << /Count 13 /TextAlign /Justify /ColorSpace << /Count 9 >> >> /O /Layout /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] >> 196 0 obj endobj << stream /Contents 521 0 R 192 0 obj >> /ColorSpace << << /WritingMode /LrTb 431 0 obj /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] 300 0 obj 294 0 obj /A 286 0 R /K 7 endobj >> /S /Normal /TextAlign /Justify << /WritingMode /LrTb uuid:64880d78-578e-4020-8fa3-2beb6856bac6 endobj Webon the professions, the second strand confuses journalistic objectivity with journalistic professionalism per se. /Pg 221 0 R 57 0 obj /TT1 456 0 R /Kids [218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R] /S /Normal >> /A 434 0 R /P 204 0 R /TextIndent -18.0 >> /Font << /SpaceAfter 6.0 /Type /Page >> << /A 268 0 R /Pg 265 0 R /Parent 30 0 R /CS1 [/ICCBased 480 0 R] 335 0 obj endobj /TT1 456 0 R endobj /Type /Pages /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 9.0 for Word) /TT0 454 0 R 2 [52 0 R] endobj endobj /Parent 32 0 R /Rotate 0 endobj It does not matter that the news is not susceptible to mathematical statement. /P 204 0 R /S /GoTo endobj /CS1 [/ICCBased 480 0 R] /A 379 0 R /Pg 231 0 R << /Next 449 0 R 163 0 obj /TextIndent -18.0 78 0 obj /WritingMode /LrTb /TextAlign /Center WebEn junio de 2022, el Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism report que The Objective contaba con 50 periodistas. 297 0 obj /O /Layout endobj >> /K 0 >> /TextAlign /Justify /S /Normal << 400 0 obj 404 0 obj endobj /WritingMode /LrTb >> /Type /Page /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /ColorSpace << I argue here that the underlying principles of objectivity devolve in, Objective journalism is blamed frequently for all sorts of journalistic failures and weaknesses, but the critiques typically are flawed because their authors fail to understand objectivity or to, Journalists enjoy unprecedented freedom from government interference to gather facts from sources, but journalistic tradition and custom restrict the freedom of journalists to report fact as they see, / This study used computer-assisted textual analysis of frames as ideological cues in news coverage of the Iraqi 2005 elections by CNN.com and Aljazeera.net. /S /Superscript /K 7 endobj /WritingMode /LrTb endobj /StructParents 21 endobj endobj /StructParents 55 /S /Document The impartial voice employed by many news organizations that familiar, supposedly neutral style of newswriting is not a fundamental principle of journalism. /Contents 522 0 R 361 0 obj /Next 8 0 R /A 410 0 R The concept of peace journalism draws on the Galtung, ABSTRACT Using Natural Language Processing tools, the current study explores the evolution of objectivity practice in terms of attitude injection. << >> << endobj << /A 329 0 R >> 377 0 obj endobj /S /Body#20Text#20Indent /WritingMode /LrTb /StartIndent 36.0 endobj 115 0 obj << Admin /Kids [248 0 R 249 0 R 250 0 R 251 0 R 252 0 R] 373 0 obj /Pg 265 0 R /P 204 0 R << /K 58 0 R /Parent 23 0 R endobj /StructParents 54 /StructParents 26 /P 204 0 R /K 2 14 [81 0 R] In part, reporters and editors were becoming more aware of the rise of propaganda and the role of press agents. /P 204 0 R /ColorSpace << /O /Layout /Pg 249 0 R /A 355 0 R Students will determine how the text is organized and identify signs of objectivity in the text (Standard 1.2). /A 326 0 R /StructParents 53 /P 204 0 R 393 0 obj << 15 [82 0 R] /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] /Count 5 /Type /Pages /S /Body#20Text Web. /TT2 456 0 R /K 1 /S /Heading#203 /A 276 0 R endobj endobj Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. /K 55 0 R /Contents 470 0 R /WritingMode /LrTb /O /Layout >> endobj >> /A 425 0 R endobj endobj >> /TT0 454 0 R endobj /StructParents 35 >> The Development of Journalism in the /ColorSpace << At a time when Freud was developing his theories of the unconscious and painters like Picasso were experimenting with Cubism, journalists were also developing a greater recognition of human subjectivity. 19 [90 0 R 91 0 R] endobj /A 405 0 R /Author (ubuntu) /Pg 228 0 R >> /Pg 252 0 R /Type /Page >> 2 0 obj << endobj << /S /Heading#203 /Parent 22 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 439 0 R] endobj WebAvailable in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In the 96 0 obj << /O /Layout /K 3 << It discovered the existence of several factors, namely personal attitudes, organisational structures, routines and the wider political and cultural environment, that engender particular notions of professionalism which are more bound to the local environment and the complex political and societal setting than with the with the normative framework normally associated with the concept of professionalism. /K 1 /WritingMode /LrTb /A 427 0 R 314 0 obj << << << /Rotate 0 /Parent 33 0 R 380 0 obj >> << /TT0 454 0 R /O /Layout >> >> endobj endobj /ColorSpace << >> A LOCAL REPORTER'S PERSPECTIVE TO UNDERSTAND CONFLICT-SENSITIVE REPORTING IN THE TROUBLED PASHTUN BELT OF PAKISTAN, The work of journalists and its contradictions: a crisis ontology, Historical Roots of US Press Freedoms and Failures, Offline VS online: Attitude and behavior of journalists in social media era, The Percieved Impact of Social Media on Mainstream Journalism practices: The case of Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation and Fana Broadcasting Corporate Addis Ababa, Hampton Press Journalism and Meaning-making: Reading the Newspaper, Political Journalist Of The Future: In Search Of Professional Identity, Bridging the Cultural Gaps in Journalism Education and Training in Asia, Taking the public seriously: three models of responsiveness in media and journalism.