[126] When Sinatra was featured as a priest in The Miracle of the Bells, due to press negativity surrounding his alleged Mafia connections at the time,[q] it was announced to the public that Sinatra would donate his $100,000 in wages from the film to the Catholic Church. May 13 is considered "Frank Sinatra Day."[581]. Frank Jr., who was present during the recording, noted the "huge orchestra", which Nancy Sinatra stated "opened a whole new era" in pop music, with orchestras getting bigger, embracing a "lush string sound". ", The incident started rumors of Sinatra's involvement with the Mafia, and was fictionalized in the book and film, Sinatra was spotted in Havana in 1946 with mobster. Mitch Miller played English horn and oboe on the Sinatra-led recordings. Kelley says that Tina Sinatra blamed her for her father's colon surgery in 1986. [124] On days when he felt that his voice was not right, he would know after only a few notes and would postpone the recording session until the following day, yet still pay his musicians. "[426] He appeared with the Rat Pack in the western Sergeants 3 (also 1962),[424] and again in the 1964 gangster-oriented musical Robin and the 7 Hoods. [569] Sinatra's wife encouraged him to "fight" while attempts were made to stabilize him, and reported that his final words were, "I'm losing. Dad always. [am] Crosby's affiliations with the mafia were less publicly known. When Martin dropped out of the tour early on, a rift developed between them and the two never spoke again. [397] After several years of critical and commercial decline, his Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor win helped him regain his position as the top recording artist in the world. [362] After a period of performing, Sinatra tired of singing a certain set of songs and was always looking for talented new songwriters and composers to work with. [192], In 1963, Sinatra reunited with Nelson Riddle for The Concert Sinatra, an ambitious album featuring a 73-piece symphony orchestra arranged and conducted by Riddle. [587] Biographer Arnold Shaw considered that "If Las Vegas had not existed, Sinatra could have invented it". [204] The title song, "Come Fly With Me", written especially for him, would become one of his best known standards. He adored the company of women and knew how to treat them. [322] Sinatra was always adamant that such a book would be written on his terms, and he himself would "set the record straight" in details of his life. ", "Frank Sinatra Yarmulke fetches over $9,000 at auction", "Frank Sinatra Dies at 82; Matchless Stylist of Pop", "Frank Sinatra's manager says antidepressant was to blame for his failing health during his final years", "Empire State Building turns blue as silent tribute", "Special Report: Final curtain for Sinatra", "Frank Sinatra Grave Marker Undergoes Mysterious Change", "B+W copy photo of Mayor Fred DeSapio presenting Frank Sinatra with Key to the City at Hoboken City Hall, Hoboken, October 30, 1947. [260] "My Way", Sinatra's best-known song on the Reprise label, was not an instant success, charting at No. Look at Me Now", "Dolores", "Everything Happens to Me", and "This Love of Mine" in 1941; "Just as Though You Were There", "Take Me", and "There Are Such Things" in 1942; and "It Started All Over Again", "In the Blue of Evening", and "It's Always You" in 1943. [500], Sinatra was known for his immaculate sense of style. [481], Sinatra reportedly broke off engagements to Lauren Bacall in 1958[482] and Juliet Prowse in 1962. The documents include accounts of Sinatra as the target of death threats and extortion schemes. (Frank Sinatra) - : , , , ( ). [255], Sinatra also released the album The World We Knew, which features a chart-topping duet of "Somethin' Stupid" with daughter Nancy. You cross him, he never forgets.". Robert Christgau referred to Sinatra as "the greatest singer of the 20th century". [507] Jo-Caroll Dennison commented that he possessed "great inner strength", and that his energy and drive were "enormous". [139], In financial difficulty following his divorce and career decline, Sinatra was forced to borrow $200,000 from Columbia to pay his back taxes after MCA refused to front the money. ", Nelson Riddle noting the development of Sinatra's voice in 1955. Sinatra was investigated by the FBI for his alleged relationship with the mafia. Dolly Sinatra was the mother of Frank Sinatra. Granddaughters A.J. [399] Santopietro considers the scene in which Sinatra sings "The Lady Is a Tramp" to Hayworth to have been the finest moment of his film career. With a name like Frank Sinatra Jr, it might seem that entering the family business was a no brainer. A television miniseries based on Sinatra's life, titled Sinatra, was aired by CBS in 1992. [y] In 1986, Sinatra collapsed on stage while performing in Atlantic City and was hospitalized for diverticulitis,[328] which left him looking frail. [349] Granata states that some of the most accomplished classically trained musicians soon noticed his musical understanding, and remarked that Sinatra had a "sixth sense", which "demonstrated unusual proficiency when it came to detecting incorrect notes and sounds within the orchestra". Sinatra received the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1971. According to Kelley, Giancana blamed Sinatra for the ordeal and was fuming at the abuse he had given to the commission's chairman Ed Olsen. [61] Thanks to his vocal training, Sinatra could now sing two tones higher, and developed a repertoire which included songs such as "My Buddy", "Willow Weep for Me", "It's Funny to Everyone but Me", "Here Comes the Night", "On a Little Street in Singapore", "Ciribiribin", and "Every Day of My Life". [540], Sinatra held varied political views throughout his life. [514] He received negative press for fights with Lee Mortimer in 1947, photographer Eddie Schisser in Houston in 1950, Judy Garland's publicist Jim Byron on the Sunset Strip in 1954,[513][515] and for a confrontation with Washington Post journalist Maxine Cheshire in 1973, in which he implied that she was a cheap prostitute. He found success as a solo artist after signing with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the "bobby soxers". [320], Sinatra was honored at 1983 Kennedy Center Honors, alongside Katherine Dunham, James Stewart, Elia Kazan, and Virgil Thomson. They each earned $12.50 for the appearance,[48] and ended up attracting 40,000 votes before winning first prize a six-month contract to perform on stage and radio across the U.S.[49] Sinatra quickly became the group's lead singer, and, much to the jealousy of his fellow group members, garnered most of the attention from girls. The book became a best-seller for "all the wrong reasons" and "the most eye-opening celebrity biography of our time", according to William Safire of The New York Times. Puzo wrote in 1972 that when the author and singer met in Chasen's, Sinatra "started to shout abuse", calling Puzo a "pimp" and threatening physical violence. At a brief run at the Paramount in New York he drew small audiences. [514][ak], His feud with then-Chicago Sun Times columnist Mike Royko began when Royko wrote a column questioning why Chicago police offered free protection to Sinatra when the singer had his own security. Kennedy. [348] He could follow a lead sheet (simplified sheet music showing a song's basic structure) during a performance by "carefully following the patterns and groupings of notes arranged on the page" and made his own notations to the music, using his ear to detect semitonal differences. [80] According to Nancy Sinatra, Jack Benny later said, "I thought the goddamned building was going to cave in. "'Scuse me while I disappear." Entertainer, Singer, Actor, Businessman. [389] Both Double Dynamite (1951), an RKO Irving Cummings comedy produced by Howard Hughes,[390] and Joseph Pevney's Meet Danny Wilson (1952) failed to make an impression. [153] By April 1952 he was performing at the Kauai County Fair in Hawaii. [97] Columbia Records re-released Harry James and Sinatra's August 1939 version of "All or Nothing at All",[66] which reached number 2 on June 2, and was on the best-selling list for 18 weeks. [529] She also states that Sinatra and Hank Sanicola were financial partners with Mickey Cohen in the gossip magazine Hollywood Night Life. [164] His first session for Capitol took place at KHJ studios at Studio C, 5515 Melrose Avenue in Los Angeles, with Axel Stordahl conducting. Granata noted that Riddle himself believed that the album came across as darker and more introspective than normal due to the due of his own mother who had recently died earlier in the month that it was recorded. [343] A star-studded birthday tribute, Sinatra: 80 Years My Way, was held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, featuring performers such as Ray Charles, Little Richard, Natalie Cole and Salt-N-Pepa singing his songs. 2 and was awarded Song of the Year. Riddle notes that Sinatra's range was from the low G to the high F, almost two octaves, but that his practical range was the low A-flat to a D, in comparison to Bing Crosby whose range was G to C. Sinatra successfully later sued a BBC interviewer who said that he'd used his Mafia connections to get the part. [326] The album was a substitute for another Jones project, an album of duets with Lena Horne, which had to be abandoned. However, U.S. Army files reported that Sinatra was "not acceptable material from a psychiatric viewpoint", but his emotional instability was hidden to avoid "undue unpleasantness for both the selectee and the induction service". Just to look at himthe way he moved, and how he behavedwas to know that he was a great lover and true gentleman. ", Barbara Sinatra on Sinatra's popularity with women. [101] These first sessions were on June 7, June 22, August 5, and November 10, 1943. [402], Sinatra was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor and BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his role as a heroin addict in The Man with the Golden Arm (1955). By the end of 1943 he was more popular in a DownBeat poll than Bing Crosby, Perry Como, Bob Eberly, and Dick Haymes. [483] He was also romantically linked to Pat Sheehan, Vikki Dougan, and Kipp Hamilton. No more than 8,000 copies of the record were sold,[60] and further records released with James through 1939, such as "All or Nothing at All", also had weak sales on their initial release. On December 11, 1943, he was officially classified 4-F ("Registrant not acceptable for military service") by his draft board because of a perforated eardrum. [518], Sinatra was also known for his generosity,[519] particularly after his comeback. [33], In 1938, Sinatra found employment as a singing waiter at a roadhouse called "The Rustic Cabin" in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, for which he was paid $15 a week. To prove her wrong when she belittled his choice of career Their friction first had shaped him; that, I think, had remained to the end and a litmus test of the grit in his bones. [527] Kelley quotes Jo-Carrol Silvers that Sinatra "adored" Bugsy Siegel, and boasted to friends about him and how many people Siegel had killed. [80] A legal battle ensued, eventually settled in August 1942. [33][34], At a young age, Sinatra developed an interest in music, particularly big band jazz [35] and listened to Gene Austin, Rudy Valle, Russ Colombo, and Bob Eberly while idolizing Bing Crosby. [119] Such was Sinatra's command at Columbia that his love of conducting was indulged with the release of the set Frank Sinatra Conducts the Music of Alec Wilder, an offering unlikely to appeal to Sinatra's core fanbase at the time, which consisted of teenage girls. Going forward I'll be looking to keep in touch with each of you on Instagram ( @nancysinatra) and Twitter . [367], Sinatra's split with Gardner in the fall of 1953 had a profound impact on the types of songs he sang and on his voice. [311] He owned a Jewish skullcap, known as a kippah or yarmulkah, which was sold as part of his wife's estate many years after his death. [242], In 1966 Sinatra released That's Life, with both the single of "That's Life" and album becoming Top Ten hits in the US on Billboard's pop charts. According to his son, Frank Jr., King sat weeping in the audience at one of his father's concerts in 1963 as Sinatra sang "Ol' Man River", a song from the musical Show Boat that is sung by an African-American stevedore. The album, entitled Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back,[268] arranged by Gordon Jenkins and Don Costa,[280] was a success, reaching number 13 on Billboard and number 12 in the UK. Sinatra Sings Cole Porter is a 2008 compilation album by American singer, Frank Sinatra.. Track listing. Tina Sinatra. Francis Albert Sinatra was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on December 12, 1915, the only child of Italian immigrants Martin and Natalie "Dolly" Sinatra. Miller tried to offset Sinatra's declining record sales by introducing "gimmicky novel tunes" into the singer's repertoire such as "Mama Will Bark" to appeal to younger audiences. [244][256] In December, Sinatra collaborated with Duke Ellington on the album Francis A. [513] According to Rojek he was "capable of deeply offensive behavior that smacked of a persecution complex". He is among the world's best-selling music artists with an estimated 150 million record sales.[1][2]. [603], Sinatra received three Honorary Degrees during his lifetime. [520] In another instance, after an argument with manager Bobby Burns, rather than apologize, Sinatra bought him a brand new Cadillac. [378] Sinatra made his film debut performing in an uncredited sequence in Las Vegas Nights (1941), singing "I'll Never Smile Again" with Tommy Dorsey's Pied Pipers. [576], His close friends Jilly Rizzo and Jimmy Van Heusen are buried nearby. [363], Unlike many of his contemporaries, Sinatra insisted upon direct input regarding arrangements and tempos for his recordings. [586] George Roberts, a trombonist in Sinatra's band, remarked that Sinatra had a "charisma, or whatever it is about him, that no one else had". [455] In return, Sinatra later made numerous appearances on The Dean Martin Show and Martin's TV specials. While working at "The Rustic Cabin" in 1939 he became involved in a dispute between his girlfriend, Toni Della Penta, who suffered a miscarriage, and Nancy Barbato, a stonemason's daughter. Lahr comments that the new Sinatra was "not the gentle boy balladeer of the forties. [138] Evans once said that whenever Sinatra suffered from a bad throat and loss of voice it was always due to emotional tension which "absolutely destroyed him". In the open field, you might say, were some awfully good singers with the orchestras. Christina Sinatra was born on the 20th of June, 1948 in Los Angeles, California. [278] While he was in retirement, President Richard Nixon asked him to perform at a Young Voters Rally in anticipation of the upcoming campaign. Truman. Track after track, the brilliant concept albums redefined the nature of pop vocal art". His son, Frank Jr., and his daughter, Nancy, were both singers of note, and the musical gene persists in their children. Frank Sinatra had many close relationships throughout his life. American music critic Robert Christgau called him "the greatest singer of the 20th century"[4] and he continues to be regarded as an iconic figure. [571] He had made no public appearances following a heart attack in February 1997. [506] Barbara Sinatra wrote, "A big part of Frank's thrill was the sense of danger that he exuded, an underlying, ever-present tension only those closest to him knew could be defused with humor". [516] Royko auctioned the letter, the proceeds going to the Salvation Army. In the early 1950s, he was among those who campaigned to combine the racially segregated musicians unions in Los Angeles. [588], In Sinatra's native Hoboken, he was awarded the Key to the City of by Mayor Fred M. De Sapio on October 30, 1947. [347] At one recording session with arranger Claus Ogerman and an orchestra, Sinatra heard "a couple of little strangers" in the string section, prompting Ogerman to make corrections to what were thought to be copyist's errors. The two men never spoke again. [21] Dolly became influential in Hoboken and in local Democratic Party circles. [364] Barbara Sinatra notes that Sinatra would almost always credit the songwriter at the end of each number, and would often make comments to the audience, such as "Isn't that a pretty ballad" or "Don't you think that's the most marvelous love song", delivered with "childlike delight". He was just a skinny kid with big ears. Turner later said the statements were not true in her 1992 autobiography, saying, "The closest things to dates Frank and I enjoyed were a few box lunches at MGM". He would spend weeks thinking about the songs he wanted to record, and would keep an arranger in mind for each song. FRANCIS ALBERT SINATRA. On television, The Frank Sinatra Show began on CBS in 1950, and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s. [22] She worked as a midwife, earning $50 for each delivery,[23] and according to Sinatra biographer Kitty Kelley, also ran an illegal abortion service that catered to Italian Catholic girls, for which she was nicknamed "Hatpin Dolly". She even carried out illegal abortions for free which made her famous as "Hatpin Dolly." Source: express.co.uk, Image: Wikimedia. He also suffered from dementia-like symptoms due to his usage of antidepressants. Strangely, in spite of his hearing problems, he had the most incredible ear, which often drove those he worked with nuts. William Ruhlmann of AllMusic wrote that Sinatra "took the material very seriously, singing the love lyrics with utter seriousness", and that his "singing and the classically influenced settings gave the songs unusual depth of meaning". [189] It features a recording of "I've Got You Under My Skin" by Cole Porter,[190] something which Sinatra paid meticulous care to, taking a reported 22 takes to perfect. [528] Kelley says that Sinatra and mobster Joseph Fischetti had been good friends from 1938 onward, and acted like "Sicilian brothers". Quoting Henry James, President Reagan said in honoring his old friend that "art was the shadow of humanity" and that Sinatra had "spent his life casting a magnificent and powerful shadow". [331], In 1990, Sinatra was awarded the second "Ella Award" by the Los Angeles-based Society of Singers, and performed for a final time with Ella Fitzgerald at the award ceremony. He went on to describe that "this is the first educational degree I have ever held in my hand. [116] Sinatra had competition; versions by Art Lund, Dick Haymes, Dennis Day, and The Pied Pipers also reached the top ten of the Billboard charts. 1. [558] Sinatra arranged Reagan's Presidential gala, as he had done for Kennedy 20 years previously. He was so excited, you almost believed he had never recorded before. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. She added that his baritone voice "sometimes cracked, but the gliding intonations still aroused the same raptures of delight as they had at the Paramount Theater". [69] Dorsey was a major influence on Sinatra and became a father figure. [546] In the 1948 presidential election, Sinatra actively campaigned for President Harry S. [608], Sinatra has subsequently been portrayed on screen by Ray Liotta (The Rat Pack, 1998),[609] James Russo (Stealing Sinatra, 2003),[610] Dennis Hopper (The Night We Called It a Day, 2003),[611] and Robert Knepper (My Way, 2012),[612] and spoofed by Joe Piscopo and Phil Hartman on Saturday Night Live. He blamed racial prejudice on the parents of children. [561] On November 1, 1972, he raised $6.5million in bond pledges for Israel,[279] and was given the Medallion of Valor for his efforts. [98] He initially had great success,[99] and performed on the radio on Your Hit Parade from February 1943 until December 1944,[100] and on stage. [69], "He'd always been critical of his voice, and that only intensified as he got older. The Rat Pack concert, called The Frank Sinatra Spectacular, was broadcast live via satellite to numerous movie theaters across America. [ag] Santopietro writes that Sinatra "simply never appeared fully at ease on his own television series, his edgy, impatient personality conveying a pent up energy on the verge of exploding". [366], "His voice is more interesting now: he has separated his voice into different colors, in different registers. CLAUSE FIRST: Marital Status And Family. [598][599], The United States Postal Service issued a 42-cent postage stamp in honor of Sinatra in May 2008, commemorating the tenth anniversary of his death. (ed.). [41] He began performing in local Hoboken social clubs such as The Cat's Meow and The Comedy Club, and sang for free on radio stations such as WAAT in Jersey City. [230] Sinatra released Softly, as I Leave You,[231] and collaborated with Bing Crosby and Fred Waring on America, I Hear You Singing, a collection of patriotic songs recorded as a tribute to the assassinated President John F. [468] He agreed to marry her after an incident at "The Rustic Cabin" which led to his arrest. [28] His father was a fire-fighter for the city of Hoboken and his mother was an amateur singer who often sang at social events. Riddle was ill at the time, and died that October, before they had a chance to record. Sinatra was backed by the Count Basie Orchestra, with Quincy Jones conducting. [267] However, it sold a mere 30,000 copies that year and reached a peak chart position of 101. [236], Throughout his professional career, Sinatra recorded more than 1,300 songs and participated in more than fifty films. Nancy Sinatra notes that her father had a falling out with a bureaucrat in the country, who refused to admit Sinatra into his house. [152] At a concert at Chez Paree in Chicago, only 150 people in a 1,200-seat capacity venue turned up to see him. [408] Kramer vowed at the time to never hire Sinatra again, and later regretted casting him as a Spanish guerrilla leader in The Pride and the Passion (1957). and has three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in film and music. It helped keep him at the top of his game. [16] A childhood operation on his mastoid bone left major scarring on his neck, and during adolescence he suffered from cystic acne that further scarred his face and neck. [133] Sinatra would later feature a number of the Sing and Dance with Frank Sinatra album's songs, including "Lover", "It's Only a Paper Moon", "It All Depends on You", on his 1961 Capitol release, Sinatra's Swingin' Session!!!. [563] Sinatra played a major role in the desegregation of Nevada hotels and casinos in the 1950s and 1960s. [229], In 1964 the song "My Kind of Town" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Sinatra never completed the project, but take number 18 of "My Foolish Heart" may be heard in The Complete Reprise Studio Recordings (1995). [392], Fred Zinnemann's From Here to Eternity (1953) deals with the tribulations of three soldiers, played by Burt Lancaster, Montgomery Clift, and Sinatra, stationed on Hawaii in the months leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. His acting career was revived by the 1953 film From Here to Eternity, which earned Sinatra an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra later remarked that he had always considered his performance in, Sinatra had stormed off the set when he learned that the film was to be shot in both Cinemascope and a new 55-millimeter process. On the waterfront is Frank Sinatra Park, where a bronze plaque was placed in 1989 upon its opening. [272] On November 2, 1970, Sinatra recorded the last songs for Reprise Records before his self-imposed retirement,[273] announced the following June at a concert in Hollywood to raise money for the Motion Picture and TV Relief Fund. of. [539] Sinatra's gambling license was restored in February 1981, following support from Ronald Reagan. [399] The Los Angeles Examiner wrote that Sinatra is "simply superb, comical, pitiful, childishly brave, pathetically defiant", commenting that his death scene is "one of the best ever photographed". [572][575] Sinatra was buried in a blue business suit and his grave was adorned with mementos from family memberscherry-flavored Life Savers, Tootsie Rolls, a bottle of Jack Daniel's, a pack of Camel cigarettes, a Zippo lighter, stuffed toys, a dog biscuit, and a roll of dimes that he always carriednext to his parents in section B-8 of Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California. Buddy Collette considered the swing albums to have been heavily influenced by Sammy Davis Jr., and stated that when he worked with Sinatra in the mid-1960s he approached a song much differently than he had done in the early 1950s. (1961), was a major success, peaking at No.4 on Billboard. The spotlight went dark and he left the stage. She helped to fill the ballots for the corrupt democrats who ruled the local politics. [383][384] A major success,[385] it garnered several Academy Award wins and nominations, and the song "I Fall in Love Too Easily", sung by Sinatra in the film, was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The younger Frank Sinatra Jr. died unexpectedly of cardiac arrest while on tour in Daytona Beach, Florida, (March 16, 2016, age 72). [212] Nice 'n' Easy, a collection of ballads, topped the Billboard chart in October 1960 and remained in the charts for 86 weeks, [213] winning critical plaudits. Nancy rose to fame in 1966 for singing the hit song "These . [454] Though an initial critical success upon its debut on October 18, 1957, it soon attracted negative reviews from Variety and The New Republic, and The Chicago Sun-Times thought that Sinatra and frequent guest Dean Martin "performed like a pair of adult delinquents", "sharing the same cigarette and leering at girls". [93][94][95] Such was the bobby-soxer devotion to Sinatra that they were known to write Sinatra's song titles on their clothing, bribe hotel maids for an opportunity to touch his bed, and accost his person in the form of stealing clothing he was wearing, most commonly his bow-tie. I Dream of You (More Than You Dream I Do), Saturday Night (Is the Loneliest Night of the Week), Frank Sinatra Conducts the Music of Alec Wilder, Frank Sinatra Conducts Tone Poems of Color, One for My Baby (and One More for the Road), Frank Sinatra Conducts Music from Pictures and Plays, Francis Albert Sinatra & Antnio Carlos Jobim, National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture, BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, Golden Globe Award for Best Actor Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, List of awards and nominations received by Frank Sinatra, Outstanding Individual Achievement in Directing for a Miniseries or a Special, Sinatra Sings Great Songs from Great Britain, Sinatra Sings Days of Wine and Roses, Moon River, and Other Academy Award Winners, The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas, "Blue Eyes Frank Sinatra ia coming back to west end in new musical", "Frank Sinatra's dwindling tourist turf in Hoboken", "Top Ten Things That Make Frank Sinatra Cool", "The Columbus Day riot: Frank Sinatra is pop's first star", "Getting a Kick Out of Sinatra, Live in Concert in 1957", "Cap Captures Honors at Disc Jockey Poll", "To Play and Play Again: How Frank Sinatra's Thirst for Creative Freedom Led to Some of Classic Rock's Greatest Records", "Label Retrospective: Sinatra forms Reprise Records on this day in 1960 | Rhino", "Around The World, Retail Demand Is High For Sinatra's Recordings", "Ex-Casino Executive Carl Cohen; Noted for Punching Frank Sinatra", "Rewinding the Charts: In 1967, Frank & Nancy Sinatra Shared a No.